JAURÈS Jean (1859-1914) homme politique.

Lot 172
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JAURÈS Jean (1859-1914) homme politique.
3 autograph MANUSCRIPTS signed "Jean Jaurès," [April 1905]; 13 pages in-fol., 15 pages in-4, and 9 and a quarter pages in-fol. (small cracks to the latter; the 1st and 3rd mss bear the dry stamp of the Justin Godart Collection). Three articles published in L'Humanité on Morocco and the Franco-German crisis. [To counter France, which wanted to extend its influence in Morocco, and which had obtained British neutrality on the issue by agreement, Kaiser Wilhelm II landed in Tangiers on March 31, 1905 and made an inflammatory speech affirming his support for the Sultan in order to preserve his independence and safeguard Germany's interests in Morocco. This "coup de Tanger" provoked the resignation of the Minister of Foreign Affairs Théophile DELCASSÉ on June 6]. Word and silence (April 1, 1905). "Did Mr. Delcassé swear to play a game of hide and seek with the difficulties? He was questioned yesterday in the Senate [...] about things in Morocco, and about the attitude of a part of the German press. He answered as if he had not heard the word Germany. Does he really believe that there is wisdom and dignity in playing fast and loose with the facts? [...] Mr. de Bülow declared emphatically in the Reichstag that he would defend Germany's economic interests in Morocco. And the Emperor himself, in a visit to Tangier, which obviously has the effect of animating Muslim resistance against us, congratulates German merchants on the activity with which they defend Germany's rights "in a free country". It is to say that Germany considers that the power of the Sultan remains in its integrity, that it did not receive, by the effect of any diplomatic agreement, any direct or indirect attack. [...] What we, the French, have the right and the duty to ask ourselves is whether the method of affected silence of M. Delcassé will suffice to dissipate the misunderstanding which is growing, or whether it will not on the contrary aggravate it. [We believe that patriotism demands that diplomacy dispel all equivocation and prevent all possible conflicts by frank explanations. It may cost M. Delcassé, who foolishly believed that by ignoring Germany he was suppressing it, to renounce this foolish, irritating and dangerous silence. But it would be criminal to persist in it. [...] He is ruining the only great and good thing he has done, the Franco-English agreement. We have never ceased to say what a joy it was for us to see good relations established between France and the admirable English nation. The two peoples can do much, by their cordial agreement, for the maintenance of peace, for the development of civilization. But it is on the condition that their agreement is not the coalition of two chauvinisms "... Open way (April 10, 1905). "However weak the effort of good sense of M. Delcassé was the other day, it was enough to bring about a détente in the Franco-German relations". Jaurès commented on Bülow's response to Delcassé. "German diplomacy believes it can conclude from the language of our minister that he does not intend to practice a policy of protectionism and prohibition in Morocco, in the exclusive interest of France. The Moroccan market would remain open to all nations"... It would therefore be necessary to make a precise commitment to ensure free trade in Morocco, and not this protectionism which "creates a small oligarchy of monopolists who exploit the natives [...] We are, through Algeria, neighbors of Morocco: our Mediterranean traffic is considerable. It is therefore certain that if Morocco is pacified and organized, and awakens to civilization and work, France will be able to practice very extensive trade without needing to erect a wall of customs against the products of other peoples."... Jaurès is worried about the convening of an international conference "which would be seized by the Sultan of the Moroccan question. [...] It would really look too much like it was directed against the Franco-Anglo agreement. It would be necessary to re-establish courteous relations with Germany... The Conclusion (20 April 1905). "From the debate on Morocco and on the difficulty that arose between France and Germany, a very clear and happy consequence emerged. The Chamber did not vote on an agenda, firstly so as not to complicate an external problem with the inevitable parliamentary maneuvers that could have distorted the terms; secondly because summary formulas do not respond well to the complexity of these kinds of questions. Jaurès distrusted the "personal politics" of Delcassé. Rouvier obtained a "moral unanimity [...] by declaring in the Chamber "that the entire government assumed collective responsibility for diplomatic action, and that this action would be exercised in the direction of frank, clear, conciliatory negotiations", which the socialists took note of...
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